У пещер, Богом зданных. Научно-богословское издание
Журнал «У пещер, Богом зданных. Научно-богословское издание» был основан в 2023 году как научно-богословское издание Псково-Печерской духовной семинарии. Благодаря местоположению духовной школы и ее связям с религиозными и светскими учебными заведениями журнал сосредоточен на ключевых вопросах теологии — практической, теоретической, исторической в их тесном взаимодействии с иными гуманитарными областями. Особое внимание уделяется пастырскому богословию, изучению наследия святых отцов, особенно тех, кто связан с Псковщиной и Псково-Печерской обителью. Освещаются также богатая книжная традиция Северо-Западной Руси, а также церковнославянские рукописи и тексты. В журнал включены междисциплинарные проекты, объединяющие науку, образование и технологии, а также материалы, рассчитанные как на узких специалистов, так и достаточно широкую аудиторию.
Вербально-семантический уровень репрезентации знаний у русско-церковнославянской языковой личности
Статья посвящена уровневой специфике репрезентации знаний русско-церковнославянской языковой личности. Анализируется понятие репрезентации и возможность его применения к русской языковой личности, осваивающей церковнославянский язык. В работе понятие репрезентации осознается как знак: оно «презентует» сознанию человека нечто, находящееся вне его сознания. Лексикон человека оформлен по сетевому принципу, и это позволяет отождествить его с вербально-семантической сетью. Языковая личность с ее индивидуальным тезаурусом рассматривается с точки зрения наличия языковой способности к репрезентации знаний, а характер ее коммуникативной/дискурсивной деятельности обусловлен постоянной связью с традицией. Цель статьи — представить уровневую специфику репрезентации знаний у русско-церковнославянской языковой личности. За основу при этом взята уровневая структура языковой личности Ю. Н. Караулова, примененная для русской языковой личности, осваивающей церковнославянский язык. Работа может быть полезна всем интересующимся вопросами, как с позиции новой парадигмы знаний (когнитивно-репрезентативной и коммуникативно-дискурсивной) осуществляется репрезентация знаний русско-церковнославянской языковой личности и какова специфика репрезентации знаний на каждом уровне. Анализ единиц вербально-семантического уровня отражает единицы уровня, отношения между ними и стереотипы, представленные фрагментарно.
когнитивно-репрезентативная и коммуникативная функции языка
языковая способность, репрезентация знаний
русско-церковнославянская языковая личность
Copyright (c) 2025 У пещер, Богом зданных. Научно-богословское издание
Борьба с секуляризацией сознания паствы в архипастырских постановлениях святителя Иоанна Шанхайского и Сан-Францисского
Статья посвящена использованию архиерейских постановлений для борьбы с секуляризацией сознания паствы святителем Иоанном (Максимовичем), архиепископом Шанхайским и Сан-Францисским, известным святым архипастырем Русской Православной Церкви Заграницей XX века. В данном исследовании рассмотрены тексты архипастырских указов святителя Иоанна. Исследование позволяет изучить уникальный способ архипастырского душепопечения, примененный святителем Иоанном Шанхайским: использование административно-канонических архиерейских постановлений для окормления и душепопечения паствы
Служба 12 тропарей в русских рукописях XI–XIII веков южноитальянской студийской традиции
В статье делается попытка подтвердить атрибуцию четырех русских рукописей XI–XIII веков южноитальянской студийской традиции (двух триодей и двух стихирарей: Син. 138, Син. 137, Син. 147 и Усп. 8) с помощью сравнения структуры и содержания службы 12 тропарей с «эталонными» типиконами этой традиции: типиконом Георгия Мтацминдели и Мессинским типиконом. На типологическое родство указывает распределение последования с пением 12 тропарей по всем часам, наличие особых псалмов часов, особых тропарей часа, псаломских стихов, которые поются вместе с 12 тропарями, схожий способ исполнения этих антифонов, совпадение в целом прокименов и чтений. Рассмотренные рукописи в общем стоят ближе к Мессинскому типикону, хотя по некоторым пунктам обнаруживают большее сходство с типиконом Георгия Мтацминдели. Особенно отличается от других рукописей и типиконов Триодь Моисея Киянина (Син. 137): в ней присутствуют только тропари часа и евангельские чтения, которые при этом не совпадают с остальными памятниками. Также ряд особенностей присутствует в самой ранней рукописи Син. 138 (свои псалмы, некоторые стихи, наличие изобразительных с евангельским чтением) и Усп. 8 (положение службы в Великий вторник, отсутствие названия, особое чтение на 9-м часе), которая имеет отдельные черты Студийско-Алексиевского типикона. Мы также обосновываем предположение о наличии в Син. 138 и Син. 147 уникального составного апостольского чтения на 3-м часе из [1 Кор. 2:6–9] и [Рим. 4:24–25; 5:1–2].
Деятельность Псковского археологического общества в1880–1917 годах
В статье рассматривается деятельность Псковского археологического общества с момента его создания в 1880 году и до закрытия в 1917 году, а также освещается вклад отдельных его членов — Ф. А. Ушакова, Н. Ф. Фан-дер-Флита, Н. Ф. ОкуличКазарина.
Приход Никифора II Фоки к власти: книга XIII «синопсиса истории» Иоанна Скилицы
В данной работе представлен перевод части «Синопсиса истории» Иоанна Скилицы, посвященной приходу Никифора II Фоки к власти. Перевод этого фрагмента на русский язык делает его доступным для более широкой русскоязычной аудитории. Скилица акцентирует внимание на внутренней борьбе в Византийской империи. Данная публикация подчеркивает значимость переводимого источника для понимания реалий X века и сохранения исторической памяти об этих событиях.
Учение Карла Маркса об отчуждении труда и этика катаризма: опыт сопоставления
Материалистический монизм К. Маркса обнаруживает допущение этико-антропологической дуальности до уровня отчуждения труда в его инобытии. В учении об отчуждении труда Марксом эксплицируется представление о двух типах труда, живом и мертвом. Причиной мертвого труда становится частная собственность, неверно понятая в своей исторической необходимости, а следствием — самоотчуждение человека и замена его родовой человеческой сущности на сущность богатства. Учитывая также богоборческие настроения Маркса, коммунистическую идею упразднения торговли и капитала и материальный аскетизм, в данной статье делается вывод о допустимости методологического сравнения учения об отчуждении труда Маркса с этическими представлениями дуалистических сект, генетически восходящих к манихейству,— катаров, вальденсов, анабаптистов. Приводятся конкретные примеры структурного соответствия марксизма и манихейства, такие как тройственность природы человека, онтологическая или, в марксизме, социальная реальность зла в форме отчуждении труда, необходимость осознания каждым человеком текущего положения дел и постоянной борьбы с ним во имя светлого будущего. Подчеркивается возможность концептуализировать учение Маркса как социально-философскую сотериологическую программу в рамках актуальных социогуманитарных исследований
Vasily Lirin's “Church Chronicle” on the Organization of Divine Services in The Church Of The Vladimir Icon of The Mother of God of the Village of Lisye of the Pechora Deanery in 1927–1945
The article discusses the issues and problems of the organization and administration of worship in the village of Lisye in the Pechora region in 1927–1945. At that time, there was a repeated change of secular and ecclesiastical authorities, several times parishes changed the old liturgical calendar to a new one, mixed forms of the calendarwere practiced. Constant changes affected the liturgical life of the parish and made it difficult for the clergy to fulfill their duties. The main source in the work was the “Church Chronicle”, conducted by Vasily Lirin, the regent, and then from 1943 the priest of the church. The records reflect the cleric's personal view of historical cataclysms and events in the life of the village and parish. The church traditions of Lisieux were associated with the annual procession through the surrounding villages with the icon of the Assumption and the Savior after the Nativity of Christ, as well as with prayer services in the days after the end of the Peter and Paul fast. The clergy participated in the prayer services that opened the civil celebrations in the Estonian period. The change of the liturgical calendar to the Gregorian calendar in 1935 aggravated disagreements in the parish, which led to the removal of the choir from the choir and the reduction of salaries for church employees. By the beginning of the war in 1941, only the elderly visited the church, but at Christmas and Easter, parishioners still filled the entire church, even during wartime.
Church of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God of the village of Lisye
Estonian Orthodox Pastors during the german occupation and after it: an Experience of Biographical Analysis
The article examines the activities of the Orthodox clergy of Estonia during the Great Patriotic War and the Nazi occupation of the region in the context of the subsequent adaptation of these church figures to the events of the post-war years. Among the latter, we primarily include problems of relations with the hierarchy, as well as with civil authorities, primarily with the Commissioner for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church, and then for Religious Affairs in the Estonian SSR. The examples of biographies are those archpriests who, during the German occupation of Estonia, stood in the position of separation from the Baltic Exarchate, but were unable or unwilling to evacuate to the territory of Germany and Sweden. The main source base of the study is documents from the National Archives of Estonia and the Archives of the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, which is difficult to access for the average researcher. The article was written as part of the preparation of a publication dedicated to the biographies of the most prominent Baltic Orthodox pastors of the last century, who left their indelible mark not only on the history of Orthodoxy in the Baltics, but also in Russia and other re-publics of the former Soviet Union. Scientific articles and major studies by Russian and foreign authors published in recent years were also involved in writing the article.
The Krypetsk Monastery during the Great Patriotic war
The article explores the role of the Krypetsk St. John the Theologian Monastery in the events of the Great Patriotic War in the Pskov region. The focus is on the contradictory situation of the monastery, which found itself in a zone of active hostilities, partisan resistance and Nazi occupation. The article also examines the activities of the Pskov Orthodox Mission, which organized religious processions to the monastery in 1942, despite its partial destruction (according to one version– arson by partisans). The article analyzes publications in the collaborationist newspaper “Za Rodinu”, reflecting the attempts of the German administration to use the religious factor for propaganda purposes.
St. Nicholas Cathedral of the Voronezh Diocese 1942–1948
Since 1940, there have been no functioning Orthodox parishes in Voronezh. In february 1942, services were resumed in the Nikolsky church. It effectively became the central church of the region. The church continued to function during the first weeks of the Nazi occupation of the city. In august 1942, it was closed by the occupiers. During the battles for Voronezh, it suffered significantly: the bell tower was destroyed. In june 1943, the church began to function again. Archpriest Alexei Obraztsov was appointed its rector. In april 1944, the Nikolsky church became the cathedral of the restored Voronezh diocese. In 1944–1945, the ruling bishop of the diocese was archbishop Jonah (Orlov). From september 1945 – bishop Joseph (Orekhov). In september 1944, archpriest Alexei Obraztsov took monastic vows with the name Paisius and was consecrated a bishop. Archpriest Evgeny Lukin, became the rector of the cathedral. In june 1948, he transferred to serve in the Leningrad cathedral. Archpriest Sergei Milyutin, who had previously been the key-keeper of the cathedral, became the rector of the cathedral. Candle production and diocesan administration operated at the Nikolsky cathedral. In september 1948, the episcopal see was transferred to the Pokrovsky church in Voronezh, which became the cathedral.
Mikhail Nikolaevich Mudyugin, the Future Archbishop Of Mikhail Il, during the Great Patriotic war
One of the most prominent theologians of the Russian Orthodox Church in the second half of the twentieth century, Archbishop Mikhail (Mudyugin), lived a bright life. One of the important but unexplored pages of his life is the period of the Great Patriotic War, when he, having been evacuated with his family to the Urals and then to Siberia, worked as an engineer at large factories in the rear. These years are associated with the bitterness of loss – the death of a young son, as well as creative pursuits – an attempt to try himself as a writer. These details of the biography resonated during the years of teaching at the Leningrad Theological Academy. The article is devoted to clarifying some of the details.
Pskov Caves Monastery during the Great Patriotic war
The article is devoted to the study of the role of the Pskov Caves Monastery during the Great Patriotic War, special attention is paid to the period of the German occupation (1941–1944). The paper analyzes the complex relationship of the monastery with the Soviet government, the Estonian administration and the German occupiers. Key events are considered, such as the monastery's transfer to the administration of Metropolitan Sergius (Voskresensky), the monastery's charitable activities, assistance to local residents, refugees and Soviet prisoners of war, as well as the export of monastic valuables to Germany. Special attention is paid to the personality of the monastery's vicar, Abbot Pavel (Gorshkov), who, despite the need for contacts with the occupation authorities, sought to preserve the monastery and its spiritual heritage. The article also highlights the repression against the monastery's inhabitants after the liberation of Pskov by Soviet troops, including the arrest and conviction of Abbot Pavel.
Review. P. P. Serkov. “Legal relations (Theory and practice of modern legal policy)”
В результате проработки широчайшего пласта материалов автор приходит к оригинальным умозаключениям и предлагает, с одной стороны, укорененный в длительной традиции отечественного правоведения, а с другой – свежий взгляд на уже привычные вещи. При этом теоретические построения автора всегда подкреплены целым рядом исто- рических примеров, подтверждающих каждое выдвигаемое положение. Именно гармоничное переплетение теории и практики в ткани повествования делает книгу столь привлекательной для самого широкого круга читателей, выводя ее за рамки узкоспециальной литературы.
Adultery as a Problem Of Pastoral Counseling
The realities of the modern lifestyle dictate their living conditions. A modern person may be a believer, but the intense information background that translates ideas alien to the Christian way of life sometimes displaces Christian ideals. The idea of marriage as an image of Christ and His Church is being less and less translated into society and is perceived by people as a kind of anachronism and vestige. Free relationships are the credo of a modern young man. The large number of divorces that occur in Russia is evidence that the institution of marriage is undergoing its crisis, and it is not sad in the Church environment either. Increasingly, priests have to deal with cases where church-bound people come to confession or for pastoral help after becoming victims of the sin of fornication or adultery. The Church, as the guardian of morality, has never acted in favor of base human instincts and has full tools to prevent such situations. However, the topic of treason is, in a sense, taboo compared to other areas of pastoral theology. For this reason, many even religious people prefer to consult a psychologist or psychotherapist to solve similar problems that have arisen in their family. This article describes possible cases that arise in pastoral practice related to the topics of adultery in marital life and ways to overcome them based on Holy Scripture, Tradition and the experience of the holy fathers, in order to help pastors have a clearer understanding of how to help people in such a situation.
Archpriest Valentin Radugin: from worker to preacher
This article examines the methodology of Archpriest Valentin Radugin in including the theme of prayer in his sermons. The analysis of the surviving texts of his words and sermons allows us to draw conclusions about the methodology he used with an emphasis on conveying to the flock the importance of prayer in the life of Orthodox Christians. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to study the pastoral heritage of clergymen who raise contemporary problems of society. This gives future pastors the opportunity to familiarise themselves with the methodology of pastoral care, which is important in pastoral ministry. The aim of the article is to highlight the methodology of including the theme of prayer in the sermon through the analysis of the homiletic heritage of Archpriest Valentin Radugin. The article describes the results of the sermon analyses and identifies the key methods used in talking about prayer.
Bulgakov’s Idea of Conciliarity and the Depths of Communion
The foundational theses of Christian sophiology correlate with the conciliar character of the Church’s common life, accentuating the catholicity that inheres spiritually in each believing participant. Life in the Orthodox Church thus implies a constant task of overcoming self-isolation in order to assume an active participation in the supreme reality of the Body of Christ. It also entails that the synergetic multi-unity of the Church draws within her depths the individual spirit yearning for life in communion. It reflects the mysterious unity of humanity, i.e., the mystery of the Church, in which we are brought together in love. The telos is the One, Catholic and Apostolic Church, consubstantial in her Divine-humanity. Having Una Sancta as a guiding eschatological principle, she is conciliar not only as she expands outwards but also as she participates inwardly in the communion of the Divine and creaturely.
Archpriest Konstantin Shakhovskoy and Boris Wrangel: the Intertwining of the Destinies of the Participants of the Pskov Spiritual Mission
The article examines the biographies of people associated with the activities of the Pskov Ecclesiastical Mission during the Great Patriotic War, their fate and ministry after their imprisonment.
The Life and Ministry of Archpriest George Breev
This article examines the life and some aspects of the pastoral ministry of archpriest George Breev (1937–2020), candidate of theology. Archpriest Georgy Breev is an exceptional pastor of our time, who grew up during the difficult period of the Soviet government’s persecution of the Church. Despite all the difficulties, he faithfully believed in God and served at the God’s altar for more than fifty years. Father George received invaluable spiritual guidance from the abbot Savva (Ostapenko). Over the many years of serving as a parish priest, father George became an experienced confessor, he was guided by the Holy Scriptures and the holy fathers. Subsequently, archpriest George became the senior priest of two churches, where he conducted restoration work and the spiritual life of the parish. The clergy appreciated father George's pastoral experience and blessed him to be the confessor of the Moscow clergy.
International Experience of Interaction between the State and the Church in Matters of Child Rearing (Towards the Formulation of The Problem)
The article examines various models of interaction between the state and religious organizations in matters of upbringing and education of children using the example of European countries, the United States and other countries. The author identifies three main models: 1) a secular state with an official religion or predominant denominations (Great Britain, Greece, Italy, etc.); 2) a secular state with partnerships with religious organizations (Germany, Austria, Spain, etc.); 3) a secular state with equidistant relations with all religious associations (USA, France, Portugal). Special attention is paid to the role of religious education in public and private schools, as well as the influence of historical and cultural traditions on the formation of educational policy. It is noted that the experience of foreign countries can be useful for Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, where the question of the role of the Orthodox Church in education remains controversial.
The Byzantine Empire in the 9th Century According To “Βασιλεῖαι” By Joseph Genesii. Part 2
The reader is invited to continue the translation of the work of the Byzantine historian Joseph Genesius “Βασιλεῖαι” with comments. The work of Genesius covers a number of political, social and cultural aspects of the life of the Byzantine Empire in the 9th century. Genesius focuses on the reign of emperors, their psychological portraits and the influence of external and internal factors on the development of the empire. Particular attention is paid to the description of the internal and external policies of the empire, social changes and personalities who played a key role in the events of the specified period. This translation may be useful to historians, philologists and anyone interested in Byzantine history.
The Study оf the Church Slavonic Language аnd Historical Commentary In The Practice Of Teaching Russian
The article summarizes the experience of a school teacher in the study of the Church Slavonic language and historical commentary in preparing schoolchildren for Olympiads in the Russian language, the tasks of which may include ancient Russian material. Participants of the Olympiad, when performing such tasks, must demonstrate the ability to compare ancient and modern meanings of words, modern and outdated forms based on knowledge of the school curriculum, as well as identify the essential properties of language through observation and analysis and thus come to certain research conclusions. In the high-quality preparation of schoolchildren for the Olympiads, the main areas of work are determined: conducting individual classes (or working in groups) with students, organizing the activities of schoolchildren to write research papers on relevant topics, developing and testing educational courses on the history of the Russian language and the Church Slavonic language related to the history of Orthodoxy and the spiritual values of society. The author gives examples from the research papers of high school students and his own didactic developments.
Features of the Use of the Treatise “On the Three Images of Attention and Prayer” in the Writings of St. Ignatius (Bryanchaninov)
This article examines how the medieval treatise “On Three Images of Attention and Prayer” by pseudo-Simeon the New Theologian is reflected in the written legacy of the outstanding theologian of the 19th century and a representative of the Russian Hesychast tradition, St. Ignatius (Bryanchaninov). The article is a modest contribution to understanding the priceless legacy of St. Ignatius (Bryanchaninov).
Agapae between “discourse of the maximum” and “discourse of the minimum” in Theology
The following reflections are within the disciplinary boundaries of religious philosophy. Their goal is to reveal those latent discursive possibilities of Christian philosophy that are outside the theological mainstream. These discursive possibilities are directly related to the theme of the conference – agape. The theological mainstream in question can be tentatively referred to as “theology of maximum” or “theology of power”. The discourse of the theology of the maximum has as its starting point omnipotence as one of the main attributes of God. This attribute is speculatively derived from the concept of perfection and is consistent with the (more complex and contradictory) understanding of God given in Revelation. This attribute gives rise to difficult theological problems, both ethical and logical. Besides, omnipotence (of whatever) is not given to us in our experience. That is, we cannot attribute the property of omnipotence to anything in the empirically accessible world. Then the question arises as to the advisability of introducing this attribute. The most likely and developed answer lies in the realm of political philosophy and political history. It is easy to show that such a “theology of power” is weakly consistent (if not completely contradictory) with the content of the gospel texts. However, it was adopted by Christian theology. At the same time, it should be recognized that the “theology of power” in itself in the Christian context cannot be recognized as self-sufficient. From an apophatic position, it is correct to assert that God is not only “powerful”, but also “not-powerful”. This means that the discourse of divine power is in no way preferable to the discourse of divine weakness (allusions to which are not difficult to find in the gospel literature). Philosophically, this equivalence can be represented using the concept of coincidentia oppositorum. The discourse of power as the discourse of the maximum, being expanded to its limit, leads to the coincidence of the maximum and the minimum. This means that God is as powerful as he is weak. If there is no mistake in equating the “theology of maximum” with the “theology of minimum”, then Christology also needs to be replenished. The concept of kenosis can be completed by the concept of plerosis; that is, we can think of the incarnation of God not only as self-emptying, self-belittling of God, but also as His filling with the properties of human nature, as His strengthening to the level of human dimension. However, with regard to the “theology of minimum” one can ask the same question as in relation to the “theology of maximum”: what is the expediency of the discourse of divine infirmity, what does this discourse have to do with human experience? It seems that the experience adequate to the “theology of minimum” is the experience of love (while the experience adequate to the “theology of maximum” is the experience of power). The condition of love is not brutality, but delicacy. The love of God does not compel, but liberates. God delicately freezes before the categorical “no” of a person in response to a declaration of love and the expectation of reciprocity – God shows his weakness.
Saint Theophan the Recluse and his Translation of the Octoechos: Theological Context and Translational Analysis
This article is devoted to the theological analysis of the translation of St. Theophan the Recluse “Selected Penitential Hymns from the Octoechos”. The article examines the biography of St. Theophan and his activities as a translator and publisher. Special attention is paid to the methods and principles of translation used by the saint when working on the texts of the Octoechos. The syntactic, lexical and stylistic transformations introduced into the translation, as well as their impact on the perception and understanding of the text, are analyzed. It is revealed that St. Theophan followed pragmatic goals, striving to make the texts more accessible and understandable to the modern reader, while maintaining the theological and spiritual depth of the original. Examples of text transformations are considered and their justification is given, which makes it possible to understand the uniqueness of the saint's approach to the translation of liturgical texts.
The Byzantine Empire in the 9th Century According To “Βασιλεῖαι” By Joseph Genesii. Part 1
The reader is offered a translation of the work of the Byzantine historian Joseph Genesius “Βασιλεῖαι” with comments. The work of Genesius covers a number of political, social and cultural aspects of the life of the Byzantine Empire in the 9th century. Genesius focuses on the reign of emperors, their psychological portraits and the influence of external and internal factors on the development of the empire. Particular attention is paid to the description of the internal and external policies of the empire, social changes and personalities who played a key role in the events of the specified period. This translation may be useful to historians, philologists and anyone interested in Byzantine history.
Methodological Recommendations for the Preparation of the Service to the Reverend Confessor
The past century has given the Russian Orthodox Church a whole host of new martyrs and confessors, who are especially revered by the people. The church authorities do a lot of work to glorify and perpetuate their memory. One of the variants of such activity is the creation of liturgical sequences of newly-glorified saints, which contributes to their liturgical veneration. A large number of ascetics of the designated period belong to the order of holiness – reverend confessors. The article offers methodological recommendations for the preparation of a service to the reverend confessor. These materials are developed on the basis of an analysis of a number of liturgical sequences of this order of holiness. The results obtained have undeniable relevance and can be used by modern hymnographers when creating liturgical sets for reverend confessors.
Patriarch Alexy II On The Performance Of The Sacraments (Based On The Materials Of Speeches At Diocesan Meetings In Moscow)
The article presents the views of His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II on the Sacraments of baptism, the Eucharist, confession and penance practice, as well as on the Sacrament of marriage and family problems, which he outlined at the Diocesan Meetings of the city of Moscow in the period from 1991 to 2008.
Between the Ascetic & the Secular. The Case of Thecla
the acts of Paul and Theckla remain, until today, an exciting and, historically and theologically, well-informed reading, especially concerning the aspects of asceticism, monastic life, and the secular element. Theckla is an essential Christian figure, as she dares to question the institution of marriage and pursues her virginity. This decision brings a whole new world to her: The ascetic one. In a pagan society, the decision for a female to embrace Christianity and live as a virgin is inexcusable. This paper will focus on the religious transition from pagan to Christian belief through the face of Theckla, as well as the historical elements of asceticism and its ideological background. Moreover, the society’s context will be presented and analyzed to see the relationship between women, asceticism, secularity, and culture in the second century.
Kantian Antinomies and Palamite Synergies: the Inner-workings of Bulgakov’s Philosophical Theology
Bulgakov’s special attention to Kant’s doctrine of antinomies served him as a proper philosophical approach to the essence/ energy distinction as understood by St Gregory Palamas. This approach, already suggested by Florensky, implies the establishing of the transcendental conditions within which the synergetic dynamics between the uncreated and the created receives – Bulgakov believed – a high degree of intelligibility, especially when set in the context of his conception of an Orthodox Christian sophiology.
Spiritual Transformation and Acquisition оf Personal Faith in Application to Upbringing at Secular University
The issues of spiritual transformation of believers, pious people and the problems of their coming to their personal faith are considered. The proposed approaches are tested in personal communication with students of secular university, can be applied in upbringing.