Issues of improvement graphics and spelling of native languages of the Russian Federation

Abstract

In recent years, research in the field of language policy has become increasingly relevant, in particular, there are more and more works that offer improvements in the graphics and spelling of specific languages. The main shortcomings of the existing alphabets should be recognized: 1) the lack of unification in the designation of specific phonemes of national languages; 2) the designation of several phonemes by one letter; 3) the use of one sign in various functions in graphic systems of different languages; 4) the absence of special letters for specific phonemes of a particular language.

Accordingly, the main tasks in the unification of graphics can be considered: 1) adding special letters to those alphabets where specific phonemes have not yet been designated by special letters; 2) unification of the designation of common specific phonemes of closely related languages that use a common graphic basis.

The article also highlights three main spelling problems: 1) reflection of phonetic positional alternations in writing; 2) spelling of complex words that are found in most languages (in specific spelling systems, both fused, hyphenated, and separate spelling of such words can occur); 3) spelling of borrowings, international words, especially words borrowed from the Russian language or through the Russian language. This issue is related to the inclusion (or non-inclusion) of certain specific letters of the alphabet in the alphabet of national languages.