How to find he “Кeys to Мeanings”, or how to teach students to understand a literary text?

Abstract

This article is devoted to the problem of teaching schoolchildren to understand the works of Russian classics, literary texts. Based on the research of the peculiarities of the understanding of the literary text by modern schoolchildren, on the types of understanding of the text, the author demonstrates an example of a linguoculturological analysis of a classic work of Russian literature – A.S. Pushkin's poem “Anchar”. The possibilities of linguistic and cultural analysis of a specific feature of this work – its intertextuality – are demonstrated. The author concludes that when analyzing classical works of Russian literature, it is necessary to take into account the picture of the world of a person of his time, the religious, cultural context of his creation. These are background cultural meanings that are the basis for understanding classical works of Russian literature. It is their identification and comprehension that allows us to speak about a deep, complete understanding of a work of art.